Dengue:
Dengue may be a mosquito-borne virus infection that has
become a serious health care concern. Every year anywhere from 50 to 390
million people are infected with the disease, resulting in half 1,000,000
hospitalizations. Every year, 25,000 people die from dengue. The number of
dengue cases has increased dramatically since the 60s and dengue is today
endemic to quite 110 countries. No vaccine for dengue is commercially available
and there are not any medications that focus on the dengue virus directly.
Prevention is that the only remedial option and is sought by measures to scale
back mosquito populations and limiting exposure to bites.
Dengue is more common in subtropical and tropical areas like
Central and South American countries, Africa, Asia and therefore the Caribbean.
Unlike malaria, dengue is equally prevalent in urban and rural areas. However,
some studies indicate that folks living in rural areas are at a better risk of
getting infected. Approximately 2.5 billion people or two-fifths of the world
population is at risk of the disease.
Dengue is transmitted by Aides mosquitoes. These mosquitoes
are very sensitive to environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation
and humidity. Higher temperatures also reduce the time taken by the dengue
virus to duplicate and disseminate within the mosquitoes. This means that the
expectation of infection increases with temperature. Studies indicate that
variations in weather like temperature, precipitation and humidity are correlated
with dengue incidence. However, there's no data to suggest that long-term
climate variability regulates long-term patterns in dengue transmission.
The primary vector of dengue i.e. Aides aegypti opened up of
Africa after the 15th century thanks to increased globalization and population
migrations resulting from slave traffic. Until 1940, epidemics were infrequent
but after the Second war, spread of dengue has been prominent. This has been
attributed to ecological disruption. Ecological disruption is also believed to
be responsible for spread of different dengue stereotype to new areas.
Expansion of villages, towns and cities in endemic regions combined with
increased mobility of people has also contributed to the increase in epidemics
and circulating viruses.
Globally, the number of reported cases of dengue has been on
the rise. Climate does play a role in the incidence and distribution of the
disease but its role may be minor given the poor correlation with historical
changes in the incidence of the disease. Factors such as growth of population,
urbanization, improper sanitation, increased long-distance travel; improper
mosquito control and increased reporting have the potential to contribute to
the global changes in dengue incidence.
Signs of Dengue:
Dengue, also referred to as 'break bone fever', may be a
tropical viral disease that has become a worldwide problem within the recent
decades. Dengue is now endemic to quite 110 countries across the world. Environmental
changes are believed to play a task in spread on a worldwide scale.
There are five stereotypes of the dengue virus. These are
named DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 & DENV-4. Infection with one among the
stereotypes usually provides lifelong immunity thereto type. However, future
infection with another stereotype may cause severe obstacles. The dengue virus is
transmitted by Aides mosquitoes. Dengue causing mosquitoes bite during the day,
particularly within the morning and evening. Infections are often acquired even
by one bite.
Symptoms of dengue vary depending on the severity. In mild
dengue , symptoms appear up to seven days after sting In majority of the cases,
feature are mild or missing danger sign of mild dengue include high fever, pain
in muscles and joints, headache, pain behind the eyes, a measles-like rash and
vomiting and nausea.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) may be a more severe sort of
dengue. It is often fatal if proper treatment isn't administered. Along with
symptoms of mild dengue, bleeding from mouth or nose, internal bleeding resulting
in yellow jack and stools, low platelet count, blood spots under the skin and
sensitive stomach may be observed. The patient should be shifted to a hospital
and in some cases admitted in medical care unit.
Dengue shock syndrome is taken into account the worst sort
of dengue. It is often fatal and intensive treatment is required. It is
categorized by intense stomach pain, disorientation, sudden hypo tension, heavy
bleeding, vomiting and leakage of fluid from blood vessels.
There is no specific treatment for dengue and there are not
any commercially available vaccines either. Treatment is aimed toward relieving
the symptoms and supporting recovery. In mild dengue, re hydration and
painkillers are prescribed. NSAIDS like aspirin are avoided as they increase
the danger of bleeding. For more severe sorts of dengue, intravenous fluid
supplementation (IV drip) and transfusion are prescribed to take care of fluid
balance.
The best option against dengue is its prevention. Dengue's
are often prevented by taking measures to regulate mosquito populations and
preventing mosquito bites. These measures include using insecticides and
repellents, protective clothing and nets and preventing water from stagnating.
Prevention is always better than cure.
Dengue Fever
in Pakistan:
Dengue fever
is now rapidly spreading altogether corners of Pakistan. Earlier this disease
was spread in Lahore and Karachi but now cases of dengue are coming from all
major cities and towns. After that this disease spread slowly and in 2006 there
have been sizable amount of patients affected with dengue. In 2006 World Health
Organization for the primary time recognized the disease in Pakistan and
consistent with their official statistics quite 4800 persons were suffering
from disease and almost 50 died till 2006. First case of Dengue fever in Lahore
was reported in 2007 and since then the cases and casualties are increasing
with rapid pace.
It is tropical
disease and therefore the mosquito liable for that disease can't fly long
distance. it is evident that this disease was also came in Pakistan through
that way and Karachi is that the main Sea Port city and worst suffering from
this disease. All imported material is delivered from Karachi to the all parts
of Pakistan and this manner the disease is now reached altogether corners of
Pakistan.
The mosquito
with Dengue virus is found in clean water like in grounds or gardens and hence
one cannot avoid it only by keeping neighborhood clean. Now government is
taking preventive measures by using chemical sprays against mosquitoes but more
efforts are required to regulate this infectious disease
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